McKinsey Global Institute

Resources of the World

Aerial view of air conditional array in the middle of a building complex.

Advancing adaptation: Mapping costs from cooling to coastal defenses

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The benefits of adaptation far outweigh its costs. Yet, the world today spends just one-third of the amount needed to protect everyone exposed to hazards to developed-economy standards. What would it cost to adapt as the Earth warms, and how much will get spent?
Image of an apartment building with air conditioning units next to the windows bathed in golden sunset.
Advancing adaptation: How evolving hazards could shape the agenda
A sphere composed of hexagonal panels, some dark blue and others glowing teal. The sphere appears three-dimensional and has a slightly textured surface, giving it a metallic feel.
Ten physical realities the energy transition must tackle
Image of a spinning sphere with dark hexagon shapes peeling off and floating away revealing a green sphere underneath.
The hard stuff: Navigating the physical realities of the energy transition
Map of the world designed in flowers
The net-zero transition: What it would cost, what it could bring
Climate risk and response: Physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts
Climate risk and response: Physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts
Climate risk and response in Asia
Climate risk and response in Asia
Will the world's breadbaskets become less reliable?
Will the world’s breadbaskets become less reliable?

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