Defense has not traditionally been viewed as an infrastructure vertical, but the scale, longevity, and strategic value of its assets have prompted its inclusion in the expanding definition of infrastructure.

Click "expanded" above to see its new definition.

Defense

Military runways
Aircraft hangars and maintenance facilities
Naval ports and shipyards
Space launch facilities
Military bases (eg, command-and-control centers, training bases and firing ranges, hardened shelters and bunkers)

Military logistics and supply depots (eg, fuel storage and distribution facilities, ammunition storage facilities)
Defense manufacturing plants and assembly lines
Military hospitals
Border security checkpoints and installations
Energy and utilities for military bases
Maintenance, repair, and overhaul services for bases, vehicles, and equipment

Waste

Municipal waste collection (general, food, textile, hazardous)
Industrial and commercial waste collection (construction, manufacturing by-products)
E-waste and specialized waste collection (electronics, batteries, medical waste)
Traditional recycling and material recovery (materials recovery facilities, plastics, metals, paper)
Automated sorting technologies (AI-powered, optical, robotic)
Hazardous and chemical waste treatment
Waste-to-x technologies (waste-to-energy, waste-to-fuel, waste-to-chemicals)
Composting and anaerobic digestion

Water

Drinking water treatment and distribution systems
Wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure
Stormwater management systems (urban drainage, runoff control)

Data centers

Semiconductors
Data centers (hyperscaler, co-location centers)
Edge data centers
Data center services (eg, third-party maintenance)

Fiber and cable

Copper cable infrastructure
Fiber networks (including niche fiber, eg, submarine)
Managed fiber services

Tower and mobile

Cellular network infrastructure (macro tower, small cells)
Indoor 5G and distributed antenna systems
Private 5G and connectivity

Space and satellites

Low-Earth orbit satellites
Air-to-ground communication

Public infrastructure and civic services

Public safety and emergency services (eg, fire stations, disaster resilience infrastructure)

Education

Primary and secondary school campuses
Universities and research parks

Public facilities and recreation

Civic institutions (government buildings, libraries)
Recreational and wellness facilities (theme parks, urban wellness centers)
Stadiums, arenas, and public venues
Community and cultural centers
Residential and storage facilities (eg, student housing, affordable housing)

Healthcare and life sciences

Hospitals and major medical centers (hospitals, specialty hospitals, academic medical centers)
Long-term and senior care facilities (nursing homes, assisted living, rehabilitation centers)
Mobile and decentralized healthcare (home care infrastructure, mobile medical units)
Medical logistics and waste management (medical equipment rentals, biowaste disposal, sterilization)
Medical and biotech infrastructure (labs, biobanks, contract development and manufacturing organizations)

Generation

Coal-fired power plants
Natural gas and oil-fired power plants
Nuclear power generation facilities (eg, large-scale reactors, advanced nuclear solutions such as SMRs)
Solar and wind installations (eg, photovoltaic, floating solar arrays, onshore and offshore wind)
Hydropower dams and marine energy systems (wave, tidal)
Geothermal power plants
Alternative fuel production facilities (green hydrogen, biofuels)

Transmission and distribution

Oil and gas pipelines and distribution networks
District heating and cooling networks
Storage/terminal infrastructures (eg, liquified natural gas terminals, crude storage, refueling depots)
Power transmission and distribution (high-voltage direct current, AC, substations)
Modernized grid and interconnections (smart grids, supervisory control and data acquisition, advanced distribution management system)

Energy storage and grid flexibility

Grid-scale electricity storage (eg, batteries, long-duration energy storage)
Hydrogen storage and fuel cells
Demand-side flexibility and grid-balancing solutions
Energy-as-a-service (contracted renewables, microgrids)

Carbon management

Carbon capture, transport, and sequestration networks (carbon capture and storage, direct air capture, pipeline infrastructure)

Rail and road

Passenger and freight rail
Rail stations
Road and highway infrastructure (toll roads, bridges, tunnels)
Rail and road maintenance, repair, operations facilities
Mass transit systems (urban rail, subways, bus networks)
Roadside facilities and parking
Vehicle fueling and maintenance facilities for gasoline and diesel vehicles
Tolling and traffic management systems

Ports and airports

Airports and aviation facilities (passenger terminals, cargo hubs)
Seaports and inland waterway hubs (cargo, ferry, multimodal logistics)
Fueling and maintenance facilities for aircraft and ships

Logistics and warehousing

Warehousing and fulfillment centers
Distribution centers
Intermodal freight terminals
Specialized transportation equipment and facilities (eg, hazardous, cold chain)
Fleet depot and cargo inspection facilities (depots, terminals, inspection facilities)
Supply chain visibility and digitalization

EV and electrification infrastructure

Smart highways
Urban mobility charging infrastructure for e-scooters, eVTOLs
EV charging, fueling, and energy storage hubs (battery swap stations, hydrogen)
Electric and fuel-cell vehicles fleets as-a-service
EV maintenance and repair facilities

Natural resource and land management

Irrigation and water management infrastructure (smart irrigation)
Sustainable forestry projects (carbon offsets, reforestation)
Soil conservation initiatives and regenerative agriculture practices

Aquaculture and marine farming

Land-based, offshore, and recirculating aquaculture systems
Integrated aquaculture–agriculture systems

Farming infrastructure

Cropland and controlled-environment farming facilities
Livestock/dairy farming facilities (including processing plants, waste management systems)
Precision agriculture (AI-driven soil and crop monitoring)

Agricultural supply chain and logistics

Cold storage and refrigerated logistics networks
Large-scale food-processing and distribution centers